Iraq

Iraq's history is deeply rooted in Mesopotamia, considered the cradle of civilization. Ancient Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians all established powerful empires within its borders, pioneering advancements in mathematics, writing, and law. The region experienced periods of conquest and rule by various empires, including the Persians, Greeks, and Romans. In the 7th century, the Arab conquest brought Islam to the region, and Baghdad flourished as a center of learning during the Abbasid Caliphate. Modern Iraq emerged from the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire after World War I, facing ongoing political and social challenges.