Vietnam

Vietnam's history stretches back to the Paleolithic age, with early states emerging in the Red River Delta during the first millennium BC. The region experienced prolonged periods of Chinese rule, beginning with the Han dynasty's annexation in 111 BC, significantly influencing its culture and governance. Following independence in 939, successive dynasties expanded southward, absorbing the kingdom of Champa and establishing a unified Vietnamese territory. Internal divisions, such as the period of Đàng Trong and Đàng Ngoài in the 17th and 18th centuries, shaped the country's political landscape. Vietnam's resilience and determination have defined its journey through centuries of foreign influence and internal strife.