Jan Mayen

The unified kingdom of Norway emerged in 872 through the consolidation of smaller kingdoms, maintaining continuous existence for over a millennium. For a significant period between 1537 and 1814, Norway was integrated into the realm of Denmark–Norway, experiencing a shared history and governance. Subsequently, from 1814 to 1905, Norway entered into a personal union with Sweden, navigating a complex relationship while retaining internal autonomy. Throughout the First World War, Norway maintained a position of neutrality, avoiding direct involvement in the conflict that engulfed Europe. The Second World War saw Norway initially neutral, but it was invaded and occupied by Nazi Germany in April 1940, enduring a period of occupation until the war's conclusion.