Patani Kingdom

The Patani Kingdom was a Malay sultanate in the Patani region, encompassing present‑day Thai provinces Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat and parts of Malaysia’s Kelantan. Its golden age (1584‑c. 1650) under the four successive queens—Raja Hijau, Raja Biru, Raja Ungu and Raja Kuning—saw strong trade and successful defence against Siamese invasions. The sultanate’s capital was Patani town; it declined in the late 17th century, was invaded by Siam in 1786 and finally dissolved after the last ruler was deposed in 1902.