Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–1932)

The Rattanakosin Kingdom, also known as Siam, existed between 1782 and 1932 with Bangkok as its capital, succeeding Thonburi. Founded by Rama I of the Chakri dynasty, it consolidated Siamese power in Mainland Southeast Asia. It uniquely maintained independence amidst European colonialism, transitioning to a constitutional monarchy in 1932.